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Title : Retouching Before the Digital Age
link : Retouching Before the Digital Age

Retouching Before the Digital Age

Before the age of Photoshop and other forms of digital image editing, photographs were much harder to manipulate.  

Die Falscher Alien from Forgetomori

As a result, people were more willing to believe them. "It must be true...I saw it in a photo!" 

The tools that photo retouchers used in the pre-digital age were basic, such as scissors, knife, gelatin, opaque watercolors, and airbrush. Retouchers basically painted right on the surface of the black and white print, which was then put back under a copy camera and rephotographed.  

"Shortcuts to Photo Retouching For Commercial Use"
by Raymond Wardell, 1946

An effective retoucher had to be good at disguising any evidence of the brush or the hand. Straight lines had to be absolutely straight and gradations absolutely smooth. The stencil brush with stiff bristles (center, above) created an array of stippled dots.

Having premixed values of gray was a timesaver and ensured predictable, consistent tones to match the grays of the photo. 

A lot of people were employed in photo retouching, but most of the work didn't involve outright deception or fantastic claims of aliens, flying saucers, or dinosaurs. 

The bulk of photo retouching work was motivated by the desire to eliminate clutter, to make old people look younger, and to make blurry photos clearer.
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Previously on GurneyJourney: Composographs
Read more in PetaPixel: How Photographers ‘Photoshopped’ Their Pictures Back in 1946

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