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Title : Pixellated Faces
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Pixellated Faces

Here are four photos of celebrities or politicians, greatly degraded by pixellation.

Can you recognize any of them?

Subject 1

Subject 2

If you're having a hard time recognizing them so far, you might try making the displayed images smaller. On a Mac, you can do that by pressing Command and - at the same time.

Subject 3

Subject 4

Ready for the answers? Here are higher resolution photos, together with the pixellated versions.

Leonardo Di Caprio

Scarlett Johansson

Anne Hathaway

Vladimir Putin

If you recognized any of them from the pixellated version, consider how remarkable that is. The images are highly degraded, with no indication of the shapes of the features, just some brown squares where they eyes would be.

Blurring is another way to reduce the information in a photo and to make it lower resolution. Can you recognize these faces? (Answers below in fine print.)

Individuals shown in order are: Michael Jordan, Woody Allen, Goldie Hawn, Bill Clinton, Tom Hanks, Saddam Hussein, Elvis Presley, Jay Leno, Dustin Hoffman, Prince Charles, Cher, and Richard Nixon.

Recognizing faces out of such incomplete information is a formidable achievement, which tells us something about how we process visual information about faces. Scientists found that "about half of the observers were able to recognize a face of merely 7x10 pixels, and recognition performance reached ceiling level at a resolution of 19x27 pixels."

Researchers have drawn some conclusions from experiments like this:

• "Unlike current machine-based systems, human observers are able to handle significant degradations in face images."

• "Pigmentation cues are at least as important as shape cues."
• "Fine featural details are not necessary to obtain good face recognition performance."

• "The ability to tolerate degradations increases with familiarity."

Detail of a painting by Frank Duveneck

As painters, this is a good reminder that the broad, simple, tonal lay-in stage is at least as important as the finicky details and the linear relationships that we obsess over.

Here's a practice idea for students: If you can take a big paintbrush and accurately translate it into a few spots of tone, you're well on the way to painting good likenesses.

Studies Referenced:

—A. Yip and P. Sinha, B. Role of color in face recognition,[ Perception, vol. 31, pp. 995–1003, 2002.
—V. Bruce, Z. Henderson, K. Greenwood, P. J. B. Hancock, A. M. Burton, and P. I. Miller, B Verification of face identities from images captured on video,[ J. Experimental Psychol.: Applied, vol. 5–4, pp. 339–360, 1999.

—V. Bruce, Face recognition in poor-quality video,[ Psychol. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 243–248, 1999.

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